When we talk about male fertility, common concerns include sperm count, morphology, and mobility. But behind all these lies a world of genetic activity, where the slightest malfunctions can silently disrupt the whole reproductive process. One such important genetic player is the Catsper gene, a key component for sperm motility and function.
That’s why The Fertility Couple from Apex Hospital – home to experienced gynaecologists of India – decided to explain what this gene does, why it matters and how its dysfunction can affect male fertility. We will also address some of the most frequently asked questions at the end.
Let’s dig in!
What is Catsper Gene?
The term Catsper stands for “Cation channel of sperm,” designating a gene family—Catsper1, Catsper2, Catsper3, and Catsper4—whose proteins form the calcium ion channel in the sperm tail (flagellum). These ion channels confer with hyperactivation of sperm cells, which is necessary for proper fertilization.
If calcium does not enter through the Catsper channel, the sperm will not attain a vigorous whipping movement that is necessary to reach and penetrate the outer layers of the egg.
Why is Catsper Important?
Hyperactivation is a modified form of sperm motility, which helps sperm to swim through thick cervical mucus and penetrate egg’s zona pellucida. This calcium-dependent process is initiated when sperm meet certain chemical substances, such as progesterone secreted by the cells around the egg.
A study published by National Library of Medicine revealed that progesterone directly activates the Catsper channel in human sperm, thereby increasing intracellular calcium and initiating hyperactivated motility.
What Happens if the Catsper Gene is Mutated?
Disruption of any one of the four Catsper genes results in the occurrence of non-syndromic male infertility, where semen parameters are normal, but fertilization cannot take place due to either immotile or weakly motile sperm.
Here are some supporting Studies:
Research published by the National Library of Medicine revealed that mutations in the Catsper1 gene in men cause idiopathic infertility, where sperm count is normal, but a defect in hyperactivated motility is evident.
A Direct Science article reported that more than 25% of men with unexplained infertility possessed a diminished or absent function of Catsper genes, despite normal semen analysis.
Hence, the Catsper gene family stands out among the few sperm-specific genes considered to be critical for the fertilization process.
How Common are Catsper Gene Mutations?
Although large-scale population data are still limited, early research outlines 5 to 10% Catsper-related infertility as an idiopathic male infertility category. Yet, since typical semen analyses are unable to perceive these defects in function, a large number among these men remain undiagnosed.
How is Catsper-Related Infertility Diagnosed and Treated?
In cases where a male experiences infertility without an identified cause, genetic testing should be used to check for mutations in Catsper. While such testing isn’t yet standardized, this is becoming very relevant in fertility clinics.
What are Available Treatment Options?
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): It is an assisted reproductive technique that involves an assisted injection of a single sperm into the egg. So, there is no hyperactivation, making this method suitable in cases where men have issues with the Catsper gene.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Is often combined with the ICSI in cases of severe male factor infertility for better results.
Looking for expert fertility care? Apex Hospital offers advanced IVF treatment and male fertility diagnostics in India to help couples turn their dream of parenthood into reality.
Could Catsper Be Used in Male Contraception?
Yes! Because Catsper is only found in sperm and is essential for fertilization, researchers are exploring ways to block Catsper channels as a form of non-hormonal male birth control.
Catsper Gene and Male Fertility FAQs
What is the Catsper gene responsible for?
The Catsper gene controls calcium channels in the sperm, allowing the sperm to have powerful swimming movements and fertilize an egg.
Can you be infertile even if your sperm count is normal?
Yes, if your Catsper gene mutates, your sperm may lack sufficient motility to fertilize an egg, even if the sperm count and shape appear normal.
How do I know if I have a Catsper gene mutation?
The mutation of the Catsper gene is detected by genetic testing through a fertility clinic. It is usually considered for couples facing unexplained infertility.
Is there a cure for Catsper-related infertility?
While there is no direct cure, ICSI provides treatment for pregnancy with this defect.
Is Catsper testing part of a standard sperm analysis?
No. A regular sperm analysis tests the count, morphology, and motility without testing the hyperactivation, which Catsper controls.
Can you still have a child if you have a Catsper gene defect?
Yes, you can conceive with the help of assisted reproductive techniques like IVF and ICSI, despite having a mutation in the Catsper gene.
Could Catsper become the basis for male birth control?
It’s an intense field of research right now. Blocking the Catsper channels might provide a reversible, non hormonal way to stop fertilization.
Catsper Genes and Male Infertility: Final Thoughts
The Catsper gene is a microscopic powerhouse with a macroscopic impact on male fertility. It cannot affect sperm production and count, but in its absence, fertilization is biologically impossible. While it may not be part of routine fertility discussions yet, ongoing research continues to emphasize its significance.
If you or your partner is struggling with unexplained infertility, consider consulting a reproductive specialist about advanced diagnostics, including Catsper gene analysis.
Contact Apex Hospital today through WhatsApp or call us at 91680 3900 to discuss your infertility condition with our team of doctors, which includes gynaecologists, urologists, surgeons, and fertility experts.
Also, check out our recently published blogs:
Tesa IVF treatment: Meaning, cost, and more
Everything covered about laparoscopic hernia surgery
Unexplained infertility: Meaning, causes, and treatment options
LIT therapy and treatment: Everything you need to know
